The Meaning and Etiquette of Sneezing Across Cultures
Sneezing is a natural reflex in all cultures, yet the meanings, manners, and reactions surrounding it can differ greatly.
In this article, we explain how sneezing is perceived based on the cultural backgrounds of Japan, Taiwan, Indonesia, the EU (Germany, the United Kingdom, France), and the US.
1. The Meaning and Etiquette of Sneezing in Japan
A Symbol of Seasons and Health:
During seasons when hay fever or winter flu is prevalent, sneezing is often recognized as a clear sign of a change in one’s health. Particularly during the pollen season, extra care is taken in public regarding sneezes and coughs, which brings renewed attention to manners and etiquette. Although Japanese people may not be very aware of it, many foreigners suffering from hay fever tend to return home during March and April when pollen is abundant. In Japan, where pollen is plentiful, pollen advisories are also issued. https://tenki.jp/pollen/
Apologizing as a Matter of Etiquette:
When sneezing in public, it is common to say phrases like “Excuse me,” “I’m sorry,” or “My apologies.” This practice is intended to prevent the spread of viruses and bacteria.
The Association of Sneezing with Gossip and Backbiting:
In old Japanese tradition, there was a belief that sneezing indicated someone was talking about you, which could lead to an inner feeling of awkwardness. However, in modern times, such superstitions are no longer widely observed.
A Culture that Values Elegance:
In Japan, women are expected to behave elegantly and modestly. Even a natural physiological act like sneezing is often managed to appear as soft and cute as possible, in order to be considerate of others and maintain one’s image. Sneezing can be quite embarrassing (〃ﾉωﾉ)
Cases of Intentionally Sneezing at Someone:
Some people may deliberately sneeze in the direction of someone they are interested in, simply to enjoy the reaction.
Sneezing Mute Group:
兎田ぺこら、天音かなた、不知火フレア
2. The Culture of Sneezing in Taiwan
The Fusion of Tradition and Modernity:
In Taiwan, sneezing is regarded as a normal physiological phenomenon, yet under the influence of Chinese culture, various superstitions and folklore surrounding sneezing persist. For instance, some believe that a sneeze can be linked to someone’s conversation or even fate.
Interpreting Sneezes as Omens of Good or Bad Luck:
In certain regions and among older generations, sneezing is interpreted either as a sign of good fortune or as an omen warranting caution. Customs even exist that use the timing and frequency of sneezes to predict luck or fate.
Modern Etiquette:
In urban areas and among younger generations, sneezing is seen merely as a reflex, and practical measures such as using tissues or masks are commonly employed.
3. The Culture of Sneezing in Indonesia
TSKR (TaSuKaRu):
This is an internet slang term derived from the Japanese word “Tasukaru” (meaning “to be helped”). The term “TSKR” is a four-letter abbreviation created by romanizing “Tasukaru.” It is unclear whether this term is widely used in Indonesia; please refer to the comments in the video below.
Sneezing Sounds:
While the sound of a sneeze in Japan is typically expressed as “Hakushon,” in most other countries it is rendered as “achoo.” For an actual “achoo” sneeze, please see the video below.
The Harmony Between Religious Background and Daily Life:
Indonesia is a multi-ethnic, multi-religious country, but with a Muslim majority, religious teachings are deeply embedded in daily life. When someone sneezes, it is traditional for the person to say “Alhamdulillah (الحمد لله: thanks be to God),” and for the listener to respond with “Yarhamukallah (يرحمكم الله: may God have mercy on you).”
Consideration for Health:
With the rise of modern hygiene awareness, sneezing is regarded merely as a reflex, and it is common in public places to use a mask or handkerchief as a precaution.
4. The Meaning and Etiquette of Sneezing in Germany
A Greeting that Wishes for Good Health:
In Germany, it is customary to say “Gesundheit” after someone sneezes, as a way of wishing for their good health. Please take a close look at the comments following a sneeze in the video below. Incidentally, this expression is also sometimes used in English-speaking countries.
The Harmony of Tradition and Modernity:
This greeting has its roots in historical tradition, and in recent years, measures such as using tissues or covering one’s sneeze with the elbow have become widespread due to increased hygiene awareness.
5. The Meaning and Etiquette of Sneezing in the United Kingdom
Words of Blessing:
In the United Kingdom, when someone sneezes, it is common to hear greetings such as “God bless you” or “Bless you.” These expressions stem from old superstitions—for example, the belief that a sneeze can cause one’s soul to escape.
Social Courtesy:
Often, after a sneeze, additional words of concern for the person’s health are offered, becoming a casual form of communication among friends and family.
Modern Hygiene Awareness:
With increased emphasis on hygiene, it is recommended to cover one’s mouth with a tissue or elbow when sneezing.
6. The Meaning and Etiquette of Sneezing in France
Traditional Greetings:
In France, it is customary to say “À tes souhaits” or, more politely, “À vos souhaits” after someone sneezes, expressing wishes for their health and happiness.
Remnants of Superstition:
In some generations and regions, there is a belief that sneezing can influence one’s fortune or fate, and remnants of these old superstitions still persist.
Balancing Hygiene and Manners:
Along with traditional greetings, modern emphasis on hygiene has led to the adoption of appropriate measures when sneezing.
7. The Etiquette and Meaning of Sneezing in the United States
Traditional Blessings:
In the United States, it is customary to say “Bless you” when someone sneezes. This tradition originates from medieval health precautions and the superstition that sneezing might cause the soul to escape.
Public Health Awareness:
Due to the impact of the pandemic, sneezing is now seen as a potential risk for virus transmission, and measures such as wearing masks and frequent hand washing are given increased importance.
Changes in a Multicultural Society:
In the diverse society of the United States, besides “Bless you,” expressions like “Are you okay?” are also commonly used to show concern, reflecting a wide range of responses.
8. Conclusion
Although sneezing may appear to be a simple physiological act, its meaning and the way it is handled vary greatly depending on the cultural, religious, and historical backgrounds of each region.
Japan: Emphasis on health and etiquette, with remnants of traditional superstitions.
Taiwan: A blend of tradition and modernity, with interpretations that vary by generation and region.
Indonesia: A strong influence of Islam, accompanied by religious expressions.
EU (Germany, the United Kingdom, France): Unique greeting expressions, traditions, and hygiene awareness vary from country to country.
US: A mix of the traditional “Bless you” and modern hygiene practices, leading to diverse responses.
By understanding the cultures, values, and everyday traditions of each country, we can gain a deeper insight into the meaning and background embedded in the act of sneezing.
